Women face bans on research underground — here’s how to modernize the system
In many countries, female engineers are barred from entering deep mines to carry out studies. Differentiating risks can increase access while protecting safety.
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2026 Research Leaders
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Discover the top-performing institutions and countries/territories in scientific research with the Nature Index Research Leaders.
Nature Index author gender ratio
Female authorship at leading institutions Author gender ratio by subject area and research topic
This dataset highlights the progress made towards achieving gender parity in authorship of papers tracked by the Nature Index.
Nature Index 2026 Nanoscience and nanotechnology
From programmable RNA architectures to next-generation materials for energy and healthcare, researchers are harnessing the unusual properties of the nanoscale to tackle some of society's biggest challenges. This supplement explores the discoveries that are driving the field, the hurdles that remain and the institutions that are leading in nanoscience and nanotechnology research.
Nature Index 2026 Chemistry
Chemistry research is undergoing a period of transformation, driven by new technologies and mounting environmental pressures. In this supplement, we explore the trends behind China’s extraordinary rise in chemistry output, and why efforts to curb the use of PFASs are accelerating worldwide. We also look at the innovations that could redefine how chemicals are designed, produced and recycled.
Most viewed institution profiles
The following institution profiles have been the most viewed on the Nature Index in the past 28 days.
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Zhejiang University (ZJU)
- Harvard University
- Max Planck Society
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
- Tsinghua University
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER Kolkata)
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)
- Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
Most viewed news articles
The following Nature Index news articles have been the most viewed in the past 28 days.
- The dark horse of biology: how RNA is becoming a nanotool maker’s dream | Nature
- Three rising stars of nanoscience and nanotechnology | Nature
- What’s behind China’s historically high counts of corresponding authors? | Nature
- Papers with open peer-review reports are less likely to be retracted | Nature
- Major changes to the Nature Index for 2026
- Harvard loses first place in Nature Index
- Why tomorrow’s nanotechnologies need support today | Nature
- To help children with rare diseases, we must solve drug delivery | Nature
- Nature Index 2025: The world’s top 10 institutions for neuroscience research
- Nature Index 2026 Research Leaders rankings: are China’s East Asian neighbours keeping pace with it? | Nature
The Nature Research Intelligence Topics are created from networks of articles that cite each other, or articles that are very similar to each other, and we have over 30,000 topics at the most granular level, grouped into a 4-level hierarchy.
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Institution collaboration
Nature Index collaborations highlight the most fruitful institutional collaborations that lead to high quality research around the world. Naturally, proximate institutions collaborate the most, which hides the many benefits from collaboration further afield. To address this, the overall leading international collaborators are shown as well as the leading collaborations involving countries/territories outside the top 50 (broadening collaborators).
Country/territory collaboration
Country/territory collaboration looks at the leading collaborators around the world, as well as within and between between regions and equatorial hemispheres. To show trends in collaboration between any two countries/territories over the past 10 years we've introduced historical country/territory collaboration.
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