Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os
 |
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Suffix
[edit]*(é)-os n
- Creates action nouns or result nouns from roots.
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(é)-os | ||
| genitive | *(é)-esos | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| vocative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| accusative | *(é)-os | *(é)-esih₁ | *(é)-ōs |
| genitive | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esoHom |
| ablative | *(é)-esos | *? | *(é)-esmos, *(é)-esbʰos |
| dative | *(é)-esey | *? | *(é)-esmos, *(é)-esbʰos |
| locative | *(é)-es, *(é)-esi | *? | *(é)-esu |
| instrumental | *(é)-esh₁ | *? | *(é)-esmis, *(é)-esbʰis |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Proto-Germanic: *-az (z-stem nouns)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-os (s-stem nouns)
- Ancient Greek: -ος (-os)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-ehen (< alternative locative form *-esen)
- Ancient Greek: -ειν (-ein)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-a
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-as
- Sanskrit: as-stem nouns
- Proto-Italic: *-os
- Proto-Italic: *-ezi (< locative ending *-esi)
Suffix
[edit]*(ó)-os m[1]
- Creates nouns from verb stems denoting the performance or result of that verb.
Reconstruction notes
[edit]This type of thematic action noun, with stress on the first o-grade vowel, is known as the τόμος (tómos)-type nouns in the literature.[2]
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(ó)-os | ||
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(ó)-os | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| vocative | *(ó)-e | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oes |
| accusative | *(ó)-om | *(ó)-oh₁ | *(ó)-oms |
| genitive | *(ó)-osyo | *? | *(ó)-oHom |
| ablative | *(ó)-ead | *? | *(ó)-omos, *(ó)-obʰos |
| dative | *(ó)-oey | *? | *(ó)-omos, *(ó)-obʰos |
| locative | *(ó)-ey, *(ó)-oy | *? | *(ó)-oysu |
| instrumental | *(ó)-oh₁ | *? | *(ó)-ōys |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Anatolian:
- Hittite: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: o-stem nouns
- Proto-Celtic: *-os (causative/iterative verbal noun suffix)
- Proto-Germanic: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Hellenic: o-stem nouns
- Ancient Greek: τόμος-type nouns
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: a-stem nouns
- Proto-Italic: o-stem nouns
References
[edit]- ^ Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), volume 3, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2108
- ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 271
