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Fairfield City Council

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Fairfield City Council
Local government area
Location in Metropolitan Sydney
Location in Metropolitan Sydney
Official logo of Fairfield City Council
Coordinates: 33°52′S 150°55′E / 33.867°S 150.917°E / -33.867; 150.917
CountryAustralia
StateNew South Wales
RegionGreater Western Sydney
Established8 December 1888 (Smithfield and Fairfield)
26 October 1920 (Fairfield)
Council seatWakeley
Government
 • MayorFrank Carbone (Dai Le and Frank Carbone Network)
 • State electorates
 • Federal divisions
Area
 • Total
102 km2 (39 sq mi)
Population
 • Total208,475 (LGA 2021)[1] (20th)
Time zoneUTC+10 (AEST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+11 (AEDT)
WebsiteFairfield City Council
LGAs around Fairfield City Council
Penrith Blacktown
Penrith Fairfield City Council Cumberland
Liverpool Liverpool

The Fairfield City Council is a local government area in the west of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The council was first incorporated as the "Municipal District of Smithfield and Fairfield" on 8 December 1888, and the council's name was changed to the "Municipality of Fairfield" in 1920, before being proclaimed a city in 1979. The City of Fairfield comprises an area of 102 square kilometres (39 sq mi) and as of the 2021 census had a population of 208,475.[2] The mayor of the City of Fairfield is Frank Carbone, the first popularly-elected independent mayor of Fairfield.

Fairfield is considered one of the most ethnically diverse suburbs in Australia. At the 2021 census, the proportion of residents in the Fairfield local government area who stated their ancestry as Vietnamese and Assyrian, was in excess of sixteen times the national average. The area was linguistically diverse, with Vietnamese, Arabic, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, or Cantonese languages spoken in households, and ranged from two times to seventeen times the national averages.[2]

The Smithfield–Wetherill Park Industrial Estate is the largest industrial estate in the Southern Hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in Greater Western Sydney, with more than 1,000 manufacturing, wholesale, transport and service firms.[3]

Geography

[edit]
Image
The Fairfield CBD skyline and surrounding urban tree canopy, viewed from Greystanes.

A few small areas of the original bushland remain, including examples of Cumberland Plain Woodland, which is listed under the Threatened Species Conservation Act, and the Cooks River/Castlereagh Ironbark ecological community. There are 580 parks (60 of which are major parks), including one of the largest urban parks in the world, Western Sydney Parklands, which has a precinct that lies in the Fairfield area, called the Western Sydney Regional Park.

Creeks flowing in the area include Prospect Creek, Cabramatta Creek, Clear Paddock Creek and Green Valley Creek. The creeks streamed through what the settlers described as "a chain of ponds" down to the Georges River, rather than an unbroken stream, before the disturbance of the banks by the European settlers. De Freitas Wetland was one of the many ponds of Prospect Creek. On a map today, the creeks resemble three fingers creeping out westward from the river.[4] Fairfield City is mainly residential in nature with large-scale industrial estates at Wetherill Park and Smithfield. Fairfield Showground is an important cultural venue. Prominent roads such as Cumberland Highway and The Horsley Drive wind through it. Wetherill Park is listed as one of the five most leafiest suburbs in Sydney by the Domain Group, being the only suburb in Western Sydney to be listed (since most leafy suburbs are within Northern Sydney).[5]

According to an assessment of urban tree canopy cover, Fairfield LGA has a total urban tree canopy cover of 10.5%. Research has found that residents living in urban areas with at least 30% tree canopy cover may experience improved mental and physical health outcomes. In Fairfield, approximately 13% of residents live in areas where tree canopy cover exceeds 30%. As in Greater Sydney, residential, commercial and industrial properties comprise the majority of Fairfield's urban land and contain the largest share of its tree canopy, accounting for 46% of total canopy cover. However, both private properties and streets have relatively low canopy cover compared with their land area, indicating potential opportunities for increased urban greening. Streets account for 19% of Fairfield's urban area and have a tree canopy cover of 8%. Parks comprise 13% of the urban area and have a canopy cover of 32%, while properties make up 68% of the urban area and have a canopy cover of 7%.[6]

Suburbs

[edit]

Suburbs in the City of Fairfield are:

History

[edit]

For more than 30,000 years, Aboriginal people from the Cabrogal–Gandangara tribe have lived in the area.[7]

1850s–1920s

[edit]
Image
Cabramatta Civic Hall, 1944

European settlement began early in the 19th century and was supported by railway construction in 1856. One of Sydney's oldest trees, the Bland Oak, was planted in the 1830s in Carramar. At the turn of the 20th century the area had a population of 2,500 people and with fertile soils, produced crops for distribution in Sydney. The council was first incorporated as the Municipal District of Smithfield and Fairfield on 8 December 1888, becoming the Municipality of Smithfield and Fairfield from 1906.[8] In December 1901, a major bushfire emerged from what is now Fairfield Heights through to the railway line at Canley Vale, where it destroyed many houses in its path as its crossed creeks, and also annihilated acres of vines and orchards between St Johns Park and Fairfield.[9] On 26 October 1920, the council's name was changed to the Municipality of Fairfield, in recognition of the changing centre of business in the council area.[10]

1940s–1970s

[edit]

Although Fairfield itself experienced little direct military activity during the Second World War, the surrounding district contained several military installations. Troops guarded the Upper Canal water supply at Prospect, while a remount depot for horses was established on Wallgrove Road. Following the Japanese midget submarine attack on Sydney Harbour in May 1942, the Royal Australian Navy dispersed part of its fleet, stationing a flotilla of small boats at popular swimming areas on Prospect Creek, with their crews accommodated in a houseboat at Latty's Pleasure Grounds.[11]

The Cabramatta Civic Hall, completed in 1944 to a design by J. A. Dobson, was the Cabramatta and Canley Vale seat from 1944 to 1948 and the Fairfield Council seat from 1949.[12][13][14] Rapid population increase after World War II saw the settlement of many ex-service men and European migrants. Large scale Housing Commission development in the 1950s swelled the population to 38,000. From 1 January 1949, under the Local Government (Areas) Act 1948, the 'Municipality of Cabramatta and Canley Vale' was amalgamated into the Municipality of Fairfield. In the 1976 census, the population had reached 114,000 and was becoming one of the larger local government areas in New South Wales.[15] On 18 May 1979, the Municipality of Fairfield was granted city status, becoming the City of Fairfield.[16]

2000s–present

[edit]

On Friday 29 June 2001 the former deputy mayor of Fairfield and councillor from 1987 to 1998, Phuong Ngo, was convicted of the 1994 murder of the local state MP for Cabramatta (and former deputy mayor), John Newman, a crime which has been described as Australia's first political assassination. Ngo's alleged accomplices, Quang Dao and David Dinh, were acquitted and the identity of the killer who shot and fatally wounded Newman remains a mystery. Controversy has arisen in the years since then of the presence of Ngo's name on various council plaques from his time on council.[17][18][19]

In September 2006, Fairfield Council announced the introduction of a trial ban on spitting in public[20] on public health grounds. However, it was reported that advice provided to council from NSW Health was that spitting does not impact on the transmission of infectious diseases.[21] The law proved difficult to prosecute.[22]

In April 2024, the first terrorist attack in Western Sydney occurred at a church in Wakeley, where an alleged Islamic extremist stabbed bishop Mar Mari Emmanuel and five other people. All six survived the attack.[23] In 2024, Following the decision by Woolworths, Big W and Aldi not to stock extra items for Australia Day, Fairfield City Council resolved to provide free Australia Day merchandise to residents.[24]

Economy

[edit]
Image
Smithfield's industrial area, viewed from Greystanes, with the Fairfield CBD skyline in the background.

Fairfield City's economy has expanded substantially since the early 2000s, with annual economic output exceeding A$12 billion. As of 2023, the local economy supported more than 18,000 businesses and over 58,000 jobs. Approximately two-thirds of businesses operated in the construction, logistics, property services, retail, professional services and manufacturing sectors, while more than half of local employment was concentrated in manufacturing, health care, domestic and international tourism, social assistance, education, retail and construction. According to Fairfield City Council, most economic activity is generated by the private sector, with local economic output in 2023 equivalent to more than A$58,000 per resident.[25]

According to Fairfield City Council's 2019 Economic Development Strategy, the city's economy was characterised by strong manufacturing, wholesale trade, transport, postal and warehousing, construction and other service industries. Manufacturing was the largest employment sector, supporting 11,581 jobs, accounting for 15.3 per cent of local employment, and generating approximately A$1.296 billion in economic output. Residential construction also expanded in response to population growth across Greater Sydney, contributing approximately 2,739 jobs and A$427.4 million in economic output. Over the two years preceding the report, Fairfield City's economy grew by an average of 5.5 per cent per year, exceeding the Greater Sydney average.[26]

In a 2022 Liquor and Gaming NSW report, Fairfield was found to be the local government area (LGA) with the highest net profit for poker machines in clubs in the state, making A$225 million over six months between June/July and November/December.[27] The neighbouring LGAs of Canterbury Bankstown and Cumberland made A$204 and A$133 million, respectively.[27]

Business and industry

[edit]
Image
Yennora industrial zone, showing Pine Road and the Hume Building Products warehouses.

The Smithfield-Wetherill Park Industrial Estate is Sydney's largest manufacturing precinct, generating more than A$2.6 billion in annual economic output. Covering approximately 960 hectares (2,372 acres), it is located near the M4 Motorway and Westlink M7, and supports more than 2,600 businesses and approximately 18,000 jobs. Fairfield City Council is also home to the Yennora industrial zone, where key operators in the area include Toll, Woolworths, Linfox, Australian Wool Handlers, Qube and Hume Building Products.[28][29] Fairfield City Centre is a major commercial and civic precinct containing a wide range of retail, cultural, dining and community facilities. It is served by the Cumberland railway line and supports more than 2,550 jobs, generating approximately A$270 million in annual economic output. Cabramatta supports more than 2,300 jobs and generates approximately A$258 million in annual economic output.[25]

The Canley Corridor, comprising Canley Vale and Canley Heights, is one of seven precincts expected to accommodate a substantial proportion of Fairfield City's future population growth and housing development. The precinct is centred on Canley Vale Road, which contains a concentration of restaurants, cafés and other hospitality businesses. Prairiewood has been identified as a major area for future residential and employment growth. It currently supports approximately 2,800 jobs and generates around A$250 million in annual economic output. The Horsley Park and Cecil Park Urban Investigation Area has been identified as a strategic location for future infrastructure supporting the Western Sydney Airport and the Western Sydney Aerotropolis. The investigation area covers approximately 1,575 hectares (3,892 acres) and has the potential to accommodate more than 20,000 dwellings.[25]

Waste management

[edit]

Fairfield City Council is responsible for providing waste-collection and resource-recovery services across the local government area. General waste collected from red-lidded bins is transported directly to the Lucas Heights Landfill under the council's existing waste-disposal contract, which is in place until 2030. Food organics and garden organics (FOGO) waste is transported to Eastern Creek Waste Management Centre, a processing facility on Wallgrove Road in Eastern Creek. Recyclable materials collected from yellow-lidded bins are transported to the Regroup Material Recovery Facility in Strathfield for sorting and processing.[30][31]

General waste is collected weekly using a red-lidded bin with a dark green body. The bin is intended for household waste that cannot be recycled, reused or otherwise diverted from disposal. Food organics and garden organics (FOGO) are collected fortnightly using a lime-green-lidded bin with a black body. The service accepts food waste and garden organics, which are transported to a processing facility where they are converted into compost. The resulting compost is used in parks, gardens, agricultural land and sports fields. Only biodegradable organic material is accepted in the FOGO stream, as contamination can reduce the effectiveness of the composting process and limit the recovery of organic resources. Recyclable materials are collected fortnightly using a yellow-lidded bin with a dark green body. The service accepts approved recyclable items, which are transported to a materials recovery facility (MRF) for sorting before being sent to specialised recycling facilities for processing into new products. Recyclable items are placed loose in the bin rather than bagged, as plastic bags and other soft plastics cannot be processed through the kerbside recycling system and may contaminate recyclable materials.[32]

Heritage listings

[edit]

The City of Fairfield has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Demographics

[edit]
Image
The Avenue in Fairfield, featuring low density houses and an avenue of trees

At the 2021 census there were 208,475 people in the Fairfield local government area, of these 49.3 per cent were male and 50.7 per cent were female. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 0.7 per cent of the population; significantly below the NSW and Australian averages of 3.4 and 3.2 per cent respectively. The median age of people in the City of Fairfield was 39 years; slightly higher than the national median of 38 years. Children aged 0 – 14 years made up 17.9 per cent of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.7 per cent of the population. Of people in the area aged 15 years and over, 46.5 per cent were married and 12.9 per cent were either divorced or separated.[2]

Population in the City of Fairfield between the 2001 census and the 2006 census declined by 0.78 per cent; and in the subsequent five years to the 2011 census, population growth was 4.38 per cent. At the 2016 census, the population in the City increased by 5.89 per cent. When compared with total population growth of Australia for the same period, being 8.8 per cent, population growth in the Fairfield local government area was a little over half the national average.[38][39][40][41]

The median weekly income for residents within the City of Fairfield was lower than the national average,[41][40] being one of the factors that place the city in an area of social disadvantage.

As at the 2016 census, the influence of Vietnamese culture and language was statistically strong, evidenced by the proportion of residents with Vietnamese ancestry (nearly twenty times higher than the national average), the proportion of residents who spoke Vietnamese as either a first or second language (also nearly twenty times higher than the national average), and the proportion of residents who stated a religious affiliation with Catholicism and Buddhism (the latter being in excess of nine times the national average).[38]

Selected historical census data for Fairfield local government area
Census year2001[39]2006[40]2011[41]2016[38]2021[2]
PopulationEstimated residents on census night181,300Decrease 179,893Increase 187,766Increase 198,817Increase 208,475
LGA rank in terms of size within New South Wales5thDecrease 11th
% of New South Wales population2.71%Decrease 2.66%Decrease 2.58%
% of Australian population0.97%Decrease 0.91%Decrease 0.87%Decrease 0.85%Decrease 0.82%
Cultural and language diversity
Ancestry,
top responses		Vietnamese14.6%Increase 16.8%Increase 19.5%
Chinese11.7%Increase 11.4%Increase 13.1%
Australian8.6%Increase 7.8%Steady 8.8%
English7.4%Decrease 6.9%Increase 7.2%
Assyrian 5.7%Increase 8.2%
Language,
top responses
(other than English)		Vietnamese15.5%Increase 17.0%Increase 19.1%Increase 20.4%Increase 21.1%
Arabic4.9%Increase 6.4%Increase 7.3%Increase 7.9%Increase 9.3%
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic4.9%Increase 6.1%Decrease 5.6%Increase 6.7%Increase 7.8%
Cantonese5.8%Decrease 5.6%Decrease 5.0%Decrease 4.3%Decrease 3.7%
Khmern/cn/cn/cIncrease 3.6%–
Religious affiliation
Religious affiliation,
top responses		Catholic35.2%Increase 35.3%Decrease 33.9%Decrease 30.9%Decrease 30.3%
Buddhism21.2%Increase 22.1%Increase 23.0%Decrease 20.7%Decrease 19.9%
No religion, so described5.9%Increase 6.4%Increase 7.7%Increase 12.6%Increase 14.6%
Not statedn/cn/cn/c7.3%Decrease 7.0%
Islamn/cn/cn/c5.9%Increase 6.3%
Median weekly incomes
Personal incomeMedian weekly personal income$319Increase $369Increase $439Increase $485
% of Australian median income68.5%Decrease 64.0%Increase 66.3%Decrease 60.2%
Family incomeMedian weekly family income$873Increase $1,065Increase $1,263$1,482
% of Australian median income85.0%Decrease 71.9%Increase 72.8%Decrease 69.9%
Household incomeMedian weekly household incomeA$946Increase $1,022Increase $1,222Increase $1,390
% of Australian median income80.8%Increase 82.8%Increase 85.0%Decrease 79.6%

Council

[edit]

Current composition and election method

[edit]

Fairfield City Council is composed of thirteen councillors, including the mayor, for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor has been directly elected since 2004, while the twelve other Councillors are elected proportionally to two separate wards, each electing six councillors. The most recent election was held on 2 December 2021, and the makeup of the council, including the mayor, is as follows:[42]

PartyCouncillors
Western Sydney Community 10
Australian Labor Party 3
Total 13

The current Council, elected in 2021, in order of election by ward, is:

WardCouncillorPartyNotes
Mayor[42] Frank Carbone Western Sydney Community Labor until 29 August 2016, serving as mayor for a fixed four-year term from 2021.[43]
Fairfield/Cabravale[42] Kien Ly Labor
Dai Le Western Sydney Community Deputy Mayor 2021–2022, 2024–present. Also serving as the member for Fowler since May 2022.
Milovan Karajcic Western Sydney Community
Kevin Lam Western Sydney Community
Carmen Lazar Labor
Charbel Saliba Western Sydney Community Currently serving as Deputy Mayor as of February 2024.[44]
Parks[42] Reni Barkho Western Sydney Community Deputy Mayor 2023–2024.[44]
Hugo Morvillo Western Sydney Community
Andrew Rohan Western Sydney Community
Marie Saliba Western Sydney Community
Michael Mijatovic Western Sydney Community
George Barcha Labor

Past composition

[edit]
Election Seats (including directly elected mayors)[45][46] Notes
Labor Liberal Ind. Liberal Unity Women's Official Labour Progress Independent[a]
1953 6 N/a 0 N/a N/a 2 6 1
2004 9 3 0 1 N/a N/a N/a 0
2008 8 4 0 0 N/a N/a N/a 1
2012 7 N/a 4 1 N/a N/a N/a 1
2016 6 3 0 N/a N/a N/a N/a 4
2021 3 N/a 0 N/a 3 N/a N/a 7 Fairfield Ward and Cabravale Ward merged to create Fairfield/Cabravale Ward

Mayors

[edit]

Election results

[edit]

2024

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from 2024 Fairfield City Council election § Ward results.[edit]
2024 Fairfield City Council election: Ward results[47]
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
  Frank Carbone 45,695 44.1 +1.6 6 Steady
  Dai Le 29,455 29.5 +9.3 3 Steady
  Labor 16,160 16.1 −8.8 2 Decrease 1
  Independents 10,231 10.1 +6.9 1 Increase 1
  Family First 216 0.2 0 Steady
Formal votes 101,757 88.1
Informal votes 13,722 11.9
Turnout 115,479

2021

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2021 New South Wales local elections in Outer Sydney § Fairfield results.[edit]
2021 New South Wales local elections: Fairfield[48][49]
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
  Frank Carbone 39,445 42.5 6
  Dai Le 18,774 20.2 3
  Labor 23,081 24.9 −20.2 3 Decrease 3
  The Real Local 3,468 3.7 +3.7 0 Steady
  Independent 3,007 3.2 0
  Our Local Community 2,880 3.1 +3.1 0 Steady
  Independent Liberal 2,207 2.4 −16.1[b] 0 Decrease 3[b]
 Formal votes 92,862

Town Clerks/General Manager/City Managers

[edit]
Name Term Notes
George Edward Young 28 February 1889 – 1 September 1891 [51][52]
Francis Atkin Kenyon 1 September 1891 – 4 November 1892 [53][54]
Edward Farr 4 November 1892 – 17 July 1900 [55]
Richard Henry Stokes Dummett 17 July 1900 – 3 April 1916 [56][57]
George Davis 3 April 1916 – 1 August 1942 [58][59][60][61]
William James Witt 1 August 1942 – May 1953 [62][63]
Vic Winton May 1953 – 1976 [64]
F. A. Elliott 1976–1986 [65]
Terry Barnes 1986 – October 1999 [66][67][68][69]
Alan Young October 1999 – date [70]

Sister cities

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Including local groups.
  2. 1 2 Compared with the Liberal Party result at the 2016 election.[50]
  1. ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Fairfield (Local Government Area)". Australian Census 2021 QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. 1 2 3 4 Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Fairfield". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 27 February 2024. Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ↑ Smithfield-Wetherill Park
  4. ↑ "Cabrogal to Fairfield City: A History of a Multicultural Community". Wakeley, New South Wales: Fairfield City Council. 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  5. ↑ Emily Lawrence Gazal (15 June 2015). "Leafy suburbs around Sydney". Domain Group. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "Fairfield Council's snapshot". NSW Planning Portal. Government of New South Wales. Retrieved 21 June 2026.
  7. ↑ Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Gandangara (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  8. ↑ "Government Gazette Proclamations and Legislation". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 772. 11 December 1888. p. 8754. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ↑ Stephen Gapps (2009). "Cabrogal to Fairfield City: A History of a Multicultural Community". Wakeley, New South Wales: Fairfield City Council. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  10. ↑ "LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1919". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 191. 29 October 1920. p. 6301. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "Von Heiden Estate". Fairfield City Heritage Collection. Retrieved 18 July 2026.
  12. ↑ "CABRA. COUNCIL CHAMBERS". The Biz. New South Wales, Australia. 24 June 1943. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ↑ Master Builders' Federation of Australia. and Illuminating Engineering Society of Australia (N.S.W.). Building and engineering 1942 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-319042287
  14. ↑ "Cabramatta Civic Hall". Heritage database. NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  15. ↑ Spearritt, Peter (2000). Sydney's Century: A History. Sydney: UNSW Press. pp. 272–273. ISBN 9780868405131. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  16. ↑ "LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1919.—PROCLAMATION". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 67. 18 May 1979. p. 2353. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ↑ Frost, Carleen (6 May 2009). "Political assassin Phuong Ngo honoured all over Fairfield". Fairfield Advance. Archived from the original on 29 November 2010. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  18. ↑ Morri, Mark (5 September 2014). "Phuong Ngo murders rival John Newman in Australia's first political assassination in 1994". Herald Sun. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  19. ↑ Morri, Mark; Thompson, Lachlan (3 September 2014). "John Newman murder: Downfall of a merciless crime lord saved soul of Cabramatta". Fairfield Advance. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  20. ↑ "Sydney council trials ban on spitting". Australia: ABC News. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  21. ↑ Watson, Rhett (21 August 2009). "Laws powerless to prosecute spitting in the street". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  22. ↑ Hagias, Matt (24 January 2013). "Spitting fines could return". The Daily Telegraph. Sydney. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  23. ↑ "Man in custody, four people injured in alleged stabbing incident at Sydney church". Australia: ABC News. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  24. ↑ Segaert, Anthony (15 January 2024). "The Sydney council that's stepping in to offer Australia Day paraphernalia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  25. 1 2 3 Fairfield City Economic Development Strategy 2024 (PDF) (Report). Fairfield City Council. 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  26. ↑ Fairfield Economic Development Strategy 2019 Update (PDF) (Report). Fairfield City Council. 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  27. 1 2 Rose, Tamsin (26 April 2023). "NSW pokies took $4.3bn from punters in six months as political leaders debated reform". Guardian Australia.
  28. ↑ Yennora Industrial Site Set For Carve Up; theurbandeveloper.com; 21 Sep 2015
  29. ↑ Don’t forget the Southern Hemisphere’s Largest Industrial Zone Daily Telegraph 13 November 2015
  30. ↑ Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan 2014–2021 (Report). Fairfield, New South Wales: Fairfield City Council. 2014.
  31. ↑ Litter and Illegal Dumping Strategy (Report). Fairfield, New South Wales: Fairfield City Council. 2011.
  32. ↑ "3-Bin Waste Service". Fairfield City Council. Fairfield City Council. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  33. ↑ "Bonnyrigg House". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00281. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Image Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  34. ↑ "Land Next to Male Orphan School". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01390. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Image Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  35. ↑ "Fairfield Railway Station group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01143. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Image Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  36. ↑ "Horsley complex (homestead, outbuildings, garden, farm)". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H00030. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Image Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  37. ↑ "Lansdowne Bridge". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01472. Retrieved 18 May 2018. Image Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  38. 1 2 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Fairfield (C)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 5 July 2017. Edit this at Wikidata
  39. 1 2 Australian Bureau of Statistics (9 March 2006). "Fairfield (C)". 2001 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Edit this at Wikidata
  40. 1 2 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Fairfield (C)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  41. 1 2 3 Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Fairfield (C)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Edit this at Wikidata
  42. 1 2 3 4 Green, Antony. "City of Fairfield". Australia: ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.
  43. ↑ "Mayor Frank Carbone". 86 Avoca Road Wakeley NSW 2176: Fairfield City Council. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024. Mayor Carbone was first elected to Fairfield City Council in September 2008. He was popularly elected as the Mayor of Fairfield City in the 2012 and then again in the 2016 and 2021 local elections{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  44. 1 2 "Councillor Charbel Saliba elected as Deputy Mayor". 86 Avoca Road Wakeley NSW 2176: Fairfield City Council. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  45. ↑ "L.G. Elections". Biz. The Biz. 10 December 1953.
  46. ↑ "Fairfield council election, 2021". The Tally Room. 5 May 2021.
  47. ↑ "2024 Election Results". Australian Election Company. 14 September 2024. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2025.
  48. ↑ "City of Fairfield". ABC News. 4 December 2021. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  49. ↑ Rolfe, John (7 December 2021). "Frank Carbone's independents take control of Fairfield City Council, routing Labor". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 September 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  50. ↑ "Fairfield council election, 2021". The Tally Room.
  51. ↑ "MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF SMITHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 165. 19 March 1889. p. 2179. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  52. ↑ "MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF SMITHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 204. 9 April 1889. p. 2726. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  53. ↑ "MUNICIPAL DISTRICT OF SMITHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 583. 8 September 1891. p. 7184. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  54. ↑ "FAIRFIELD'S FIRST MAYOR". The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate. Vol. LXV, no. 4113. New South Wales, Australia. 7 February 1935. p. 18. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  55. ↑ "MUNICIPALITY OF SMITHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 782. 8 November 1892. p. 8947. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  56. ↑ "MUNICIPALITY OF SMITHFIELD AND FAIRFIELD". New South Wales Government Gazette. No. 737. 27 July 1900. p. 5891. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  57. ↑ "MR. R. S. DUMMETT". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 27, 236. 21 April 1925. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  58. ↑ "THE NEW TOWN CLERK". The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers' Advocate. Vol. XXIX, no. 2314. New South Wales, Australia. 8 April 1916. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  59. ↑ "MR. G. DAVIS TO RETIRE". The Clarence River Advocate. New South Wales, Australia. 6 March 1941. p. 4. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  60. ↑ "Tribute to Town Clerk". The Biz. New South Wales, Australia. 13 August 1942. p. 3. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  61. ↑ "MR. GEORGE DAVIS". Northern Star. New South Wales, Australia. 26 December 1950. p. 5. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  62. ↑ "FAIRFIELD'S TOWN CLERK". The Biz. New South Wales, Australia. 2 July 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  63. ↑ "TOWN CLERK RESIGNS". The Biz. New South Wales, Australia. 28 May 1953. p. 9. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  64. ↑ "FAREWELL PRESENTATIONS". The Biz. New South Wales, Australia. 2 July 1953. p. 1. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  65. ↑ "NOTICE OF RESUMPTION OF LAND BY FAIRFIELD MUNICIPAL COUNCIL.—LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT, 1919". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 99. 6 August 1976. p. 3388. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  66. ↑ "FAIRFIELD CITY COUNCIL.—Local Government Act 1919 (Section 269A)". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 186. 5 December 1986. p. 6008. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  67. ↑ "FAIRFIELD CITY COUNCIL". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 42. 3 April 1992. p. 2545. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  68. ↑ "FAIRFIELD CITY COUNCIL". Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales. No. 152. 23 October 1998. p. 8484. Retrieved 25 November 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  69. ↑ General Manager from 1992 and City Manager from 1998
  70. ↑ "Senior Staff". Fairfield City Council. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
  71. ↑ "Fairfield City Council". Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
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