Paratió language
| Paratió | |
|---|---|
| Prakió | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Capibaribe River, Pernambuco |
| Ethnicity | 2,263 Kapinawá (= Paratió) (2020)[1] |
| Extinct | after 1968 |
Xukuruan?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xpn Kapinawá |
| Glottolog | para1322 Paratiokapi1248 Kapinawá |
 Map of Buíque, Permambuco, where the Kapinawá live | |
Paratió (also called Praki-ô, Prakió,[2] and Paraquió[3][4]) is an extinct and poorly attested language of northeastern Brazil, known only through two wordlists published in 1958.[5] It appears to have been related to Xukuru, and may have been a dialect, according to Glottolog. However, there is very little evidence to determine this relationship.[6] The modern-day Paratió, originally settled in the aldeia of Macaco, now call themselves Kapinawá.[2]
Geographical distribution
[edit]It was originally spoken along the Capibaribe River, and was reported by Loukotka (1968) to have been spoken by a few individuals in Cimbres as of 1964.[7]
History
[edit]As of the 1900s, the Xukuru population still had some recollection of the Paratió population, however the Paratió's geographical location suggests that they could be ancestors of the Kapinawá.[8]
Vocabulary
[edit]Pompeu Sobrinho (1958)
[edit]These word lists of language varieties from the Serra do Urubá (also known as the Serra do Arorobá or Serra do Ororubá, located in the municipality of Pesqueira, Pernambuco) are reproduced from Pompeu Sobrinho (1958).[5] According to Loukotka (1968), the following wordlists represent Paratió.[7]
Below is a vocabulary collected by Domingos Cruz, who was not trained professionally, in Pesqueira, Pernambuco from his informant Rodrigues de Mendonça, who was originally from the Serra do Urubá:[5]
| Portuguese gloss | English gloss | Paratió |
|---|---|---|
| cabeça | head | kreká, kri/ká |
| cabeça de vaca | cow head | kreká memêngo |
| chapéu | hat | kriákugo, kriá |
| chuva | rain | kraxixi |
| comida | food | kringó |
| comida boa | good food | kringó konengo |
| cachaça | cachaça (sugarcane liquor) | irínka |
| bom, boa | good | konengo |
| chefe, mais velho | chief, older | taióp |
| deus | God | tupá |
| faca grande | big knife | xaníko |
| faca pequena | small knife | saquarék |
| homem | man | xiakrók |
| homem branco | white man | karé |
| homem índio | Indigenous man | xenunpe |
| homem defeituoso | deformed man | jajú |
| fome | hunger | xurák |
| inimigo | enemy | aredirí |
| ir embora | go away | nuntógo |
| mulher | woman | krippó |
| milho | corn | xigó |
| nevoeiro | fog | batukin |
| lua | moon | limolago |
| sol | sun | oraci |
| pedra | stone | krá |
| pedra (em cima da terra) | stone (on top of the earth) | krá xixí |
| pé | foot | poiá |
| defeito | defect | guxú |
| pé defeituoso | defective foot | poiá guxú |
| ruim | bad | aguá, pigó |
| homem branco ruim | bad white man | karé aguá |
| homem branco bom | good white man | karé konengo |
| O inimigo vem aí. | The enemy is coming. | arediri arediri |
Vocabulary collected by Cruz from his informant Pedro Rodrigues, who was originally from the abandoned sitio of Gitó (Jitó)[4] in the Serra do Urubá:
| Portuguese gloss | English gloss | Paratió |
|---|---|---|
| aguardente | type of liquor | orinka |
| aldeiamento | village | taiopo maritáro |
| arco (arma) | bow (weapon) | tamaingú, temaigú |
| carne | meat | inxi, ixi |
| fome | hunger | xurák |
| negro (homem) | black man | taká |
| cabra | goat | krexkuák jãtarinta |
| negra | black woman | taká jipu |
| onça | jaguar | jetôme |
| raça, tribo | race, tribe | xekurú |
| marinheiro (estrangeiro) | sailor (foreigner) | karé irut |
| carne | meat | inxin |
| comedor de carne | meat eater | inzin aragogú |
| mentiroso | liar | jupegúgo |
| lua | moon | limolágo |
| sol | sun | orací |
| deus | God | tupá |
| Nossa Senhora | Virgin Mary | Tamaipí |
References
[edit]- ↑ "Kapinawa - Povos Indígenas no Brasil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2026-07-07.
- 1 2 "Kapinawá - UFPE". www.ufpe.br. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
- ↑ Machado, CéLia Cristina Clemente; GonçAlves, CláUdio Ubiratan; Albuquerque, Manoel Bandeira De; Pereira, EugêNia C. (March 2017). "PROTECTED AREAS AND THEIR MULTIPLE TERRITORIALITIES - A SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REFLECTION ON CATIMBAU NATIONAL PARK - BRAZIL". Ambiente & Sociedade. 20 (1): 239–260. doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc20150172r1v2012017. ISSN 1414-753X.
- 1 2 Hohenthal, Jr., W. D. (1954). "Notes on the Shucurú Indians of Serra de Ararobá, Pernambuco, Brazil" (PDF). Revista do Museu Paulista (Nova Série). 8: 93–164.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 3 Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz (December 1958). "Línguas tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos" (PDF). Boletim de Antropologia: 14–16.
- ↑ Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Unclassified and Spurious Languages", The Indigenous Languages of the Americas (1 ed.), Oxford University PressNew York, pp. 280–338, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197673461.003.0005, ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1, retrieved 2025-09-26
- 1 2 Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ↑ Augusto Laranjeiras Sampaio, José (1995). "NOTAS SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO HISTÓRICA, ETNICIDADE E CONSTITUIÇÃO TERRITORIAL DO POVO KAPINAWÁ" [Notes regarding the historical formation, ethnicity and territorial claim of the Kapinawá people] (PDF). Instituto Socioambiental (in Brazilian Portuguese): 5.
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