Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dwóh₁
 |
This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Numeral
[edit]| 20 | ||
| [a], [b] ← 1 | 2 | 3 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: *dwóh₁ Ordinal: *h₂énteros Adverbial: *dwís Multiplier: *dwiplós, *dwoyós Fractional: *sēmi Prefix: *dwi- | ||
*dwóh₁[1]
Inflection
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *dwóh₁ | *dwéh₂h₁(e) | |
| genitive | *? | *? | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | *dwóh₁ | — |
| vocative | — | *dwóh₁ | — |
| accusative | — | *dwóh₁ | — |
| genitive | — | *? | — |
| ablative | — | *? | — |
| dative | — | *? | — |
| locative | — | *? | — |
| instrumental | — | *? | — |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | *dwéh₂h₁(e) | — |
| vocative | — | *dwéh₂h₁(e) | — |
| accusative | — | *dwéh₂h₁(e) | — |
| genitive | — | *? | — |
| ablative | — | *? | — |
| dative | — | *? | — |
| locative | — | *? | — |
| instrumental | — | *? | — |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | — | *dwóy(h₁) | — |
| vocative | — | *dwóy(h₁) | — |
| accusative | — | *dwóy(h₁) | — |
| genitive | — | *? | — |
| ablative | — | *? | — |
| dative | — | *? | — |
| locative | — | *? | — |
| instrumental | — | *? | — |
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- *dwi- (compounds)
- *dwigʰom (“twig”) (see there for further descendants)
- *dwí-ko-s
- *dwi-no-s[4]
- *dwi-pl-ó-s (“double”)
- *dwí-s (adverb)
- *dwi-sk-
- *(d)wi-tyo-[3] (with dissimilation *d…t > *(h₁)…t)
- *dwoy-
- *dwey- (“to fear”)
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Germanic: *twīhnaz
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Albanian: *duwō (see there for further descendants)
- Anatolian:
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *duwōˀ, *duōˀ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *duwo (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *twai (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *dúwo (< *duwó[5]) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dwáH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *duō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
See also
[edit]Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers from 1 to 90
| —0 | —1 | —2 | —3 | —4 | —5 | —6 | —7 | —8 | —9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0— | — | *h₁óynos, *sḗm | *dwóh₁ | *tréyes | *kʷetwóres | *pénkʷe | *swéḱs | *septḿ̥ | *oḱtṓw | *h₁néwn̥ |
| 10— | *déḱm̥ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20— | *wídḱm̥ti | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 30— | *tridḱómth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 40— | *kʷétwr̥dḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 50— | *pénkʷedḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 60— | *swéḱsdḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 70— | *septḿ̥dḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 80— | *oḱtṓdḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 90— | *h₁néwn̥dḱomth₂ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN, page 53: “*dwóh₁”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dunkel, George E. (2014), “*du̯ó-, *du̯í- 'zwei (einzelne)'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems][2] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 168-174
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “vitium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 684
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “bis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δύο”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
Further reading
[edit]- Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 529-530
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 228-232
